Seminarsonly

GIGABIT NETWORKING

techzests — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 12:46:25 +0000

Introduction to Gigabit Networking,Computers and their attachments (like networks and disks) are getting faster everyday. The current CPU speeds of processor like DEC Alpha and Pentium are well over 100MHz allowing them to perform billion instructions per second (BIPS). This speed is comparable to supercomputer’s speed five years ago. With the growing speed of computers the applications which run on them are now ranging from interactive graphics, voice recognition, video conferencing, real time animations etc. All these new applications will use networks to carry more data. Network bandwidth is also increasing concurrently with the CPU speeds. When in 1980s 10Mbs Ethernet was considered fast, we now have 100 Mbs Ethernet. The bandwidth is approaching the speed on 1 billion bits per second (1 Gbs), much due to the research in the field of fiber optic signalling.gigabit-networking

Embedded systems

techzests — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 12:42:34 +0000

INTRODUCTION:Embedded systems are computer systems that form part of a larger system. These systems are ubiquitous and diverse, and include mobile phones, entertainment devices, automobiles, toys, smart cards, medical devices, network switching equipment, sensors, and industrial robots. Many embedded systems are real-time systems and have to react to external events within a defined period of time. Other constraints such as size, energy supply and unit price often severely limit the design space, affecting costs and reliability. This has resulted in an emerging trend to integrate previously isolated systems. As embedded systems are increasingly networked and expected to execute downloaded code, they have become subject to attacks by hackers or viruses. This means that they now face many of the resource management and security issues associated with traditional computing systems, and makes operating systems, and compilers and language techniques increasingly relevant in the embedded domain.

EDGE

techzests — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 12:40:49 +0000

ABSTRACT: EDGE is the next step in the evolution of GSM and IS- 136. The objective of the new technology is to increase data transmission rates and spectrum efficiency and to facilitate new applications and increased capacity for mobile use.With the introduction of EDGE in GSM phase 2+, existing services such as GPRS and high-speed circuit switched data (HSCSD) are enhanced by offering a new physical layer. The services themselves are not modified. EDGE is introduced within existing specifications and descriptions rather than by creating new ones.GPRS allows data rates of 115 kbps and, theoretically, of up to 160kbps on the physical layer. EGPRS is capable of offering data rates of 384 kbps and, theoretically, of up to 473.6 kbps. A new modulation technique and error-tolerant transmission methods, combined with improved link adaptation mechanisms, make these EGPRS rates possible. This is the key to increased spectrum efficiency and enhanced applications, such as wireless Internet access, e-mail and file transfers.GPRS/EGPRS will be one of the pace setters in the overall wireless technology evolution in conjunction with WCDMA. Higher transmission rates for specific radio resources enhance capacity by enabling more traffic for both circuit- and packet-switched services.

cdma 3g standards

techzests — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 12:29:59 +0000

Abstract: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology was chosen for the air interface of the upcoming third generation wireless systems (3G). Different CDMA systems are introduced and classified. Multi-Code CDMA (MC-CDMA) systems play a major role in this work. Code Division Multiple Access technology emerged as an alternative to the GSM cellular architecture and has shared in the past decade’s explosive growth in the wireless market. CDMA, like GSM, has seen incremental improvements in capacity throughout this period. Now both types of networks are making a transition to third-generation (3G) systems around the globe, offering yet more capacity and data services. This paper will briefly describe the origins of CDMA technology and the emergence of 3G implementations. At the beginning of 2004, the standards for third generation (3G) cellular technology were embodied in 483 Technical Specifications published by the two Partnership Projects: 3GPP and 3GPP2. Corporate members of the Partnership Projects are encouraged to identify intellectual property that is essential to implementing the standards. The 7, 796 patents are clustered in 887 families, where each family covers one invention. A preliminary evaluation of one patent from each family suggests that approximately 21% of the declared patents are actually essential. report_cdma

Broad band ISDN

techzests — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 12:27:46 +0000

Introduction: a conceptual view of isdn,isdn is a massive undertaking in many ways, and it is difficult to provide a concise description of it. to begin to understand isdn, we look in this section at the concept of isdn from several different viewpoints:principles of isdn evolution of the isdnservices architecturebroad-cst

Wireless data security

techzests — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 12:22:48 +0000

Abstract:Wireless Wide Area Networks (WAN) are a popular method of wirelessly accessing data over the Internet. A major concern for many corporate users of wireless WANs is data security and how to protect data that is transmitted over these wireless networks. There are many features of these wireless networks, which provide user and data security. This paper discusses the security features for CDPD, CDMA and GPRS networks, as well as an introduction to virtual private networks (VPN) and how these applications can be used to enhance the overall security of data on wireless networks. For each of the technologies presented in this paper, a brief overview of the wireless network is given, followed by a discussion of each of the features of that network that contribute to the overall security of the network.wireless-data-security-e28093protecting-your-data

Non-Conventional Source of Energy Wind Energy

techzests — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 12:19:26 +0000

Abstract: The development of any country or society can be measured by energy production & its utilization for human need i.e. by comparing per capita energy consumption. For a developed country like USA ,it is very high approx 8.85 T.O.E.(Ton Oil Equivalent)& global average is 1.88 T.O.E. While for India it is only 0.35 T.O.E. So we have to travel a long distance to be a developed country that too with a high speed. There are mainly two sources of energy generation i.e. Conventional & Non-conventional source. But for our future requirement we can’t rely on Conventional sources, as they are depleting at a fast rate & their usage are a threat to environment .So we have to look for alternative i.e. Non-conventional sources & if we think for this option what can be the better option than the wind-energy. As it is clean, safe, abundant & cheapest among other.

WiMAX

techzests — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 12:16:56 +0000

Abstract: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (wimax) is the next generation of wireless fidelity (WiFi), or Wireless networking technology. WiMAX is a fast-emerging wide-area wireless broadband technology that shows great promise as the “last mile” solution for bringing high-speed Internet access into homes and businesses. While the more familiar WiFi handles local areas, such as in offices or hotspots, WiMAX covers wider, metropolitan or rural areas. It can provide data rates up to 75 megabits per second (Mbps) per base station with typical cell sizes of 2 to 10 kilometers. This is enough bandwidth to simultaneously support more than 60 businesses with T1/E1-type connectivity and hundreds of homes with Digital subscriber lines (DSL) type connectivity.It is nothing but an implementation of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16 specifications which give rise to networking called Metropolitan area networks (MAN). It represents an inexpensive alternative to digital subscriber lines (DSL) and cable broadband access. The installation costs for a wireless infrastructure based on IEEE 802.16 is far less than today’s wired solutions.This paper deals with the benefits provided by the technology, as well as the technological and economical aspects of implementation of the wimax technology.wimax

Operating System Services forWide Area Applications

techzests — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 01:38:37 +0000

Abstract: In this report, we argue for the power of providing a common set of OS services to wide area applications, including mechanisms for resource discovery, a global namespace, remote process execution, resource management, authentication, and security. On a single machine, application developers can rely on the local operating system to provide these abstractions. In the wide area, however, application developers are
forced to build these abstractions themselves or to do without. This ad-hoc approach wastes programmer effort and system resources. To address these problems, WebOS provides basic operating systems services needed to build applications that are geographically distributed, highly available, incrementally scalable, and dynamically reconfiguring. Experience with a number of applications developed underWebOS indicates that it simplifies system development and improves resource utilization. In particular, we use WebOS to implement Rent-AServer to provide dynamic replication of overloaded services across the wide area in response to client demands.

Web Services – Architecture

techzests — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 01:03:07 +0000

Abstract: Web Services constitute a distributed computer architecture made up of many different computers trying to communicate over the network to form one system. They consist of a set of standards that allow developers to implement distributed applications – using radically different tools provided by many different vendors – to create applications that use a combination of software modules called from systems in disparate departments or from other companies. The various services and protocols that make web services possible are as follows:SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration) WSDL (Web Services Description Language) Other related protocols are: WSFL (Web Services Flow Language) ebXML (e-business XML) WebOS: web-services-architecture